Category Archives: Uncategorized

A 35 year old male executive in a multinational company complains of dull pain in the midepigastric region for the last one month. The pain gets worse at night and is somewhat better immediately after he eats his meals. There is no history of any fever, nausea or vomiting. He has been frequently taking analgesic ( about 1-2 tablets per week) for headache but there is no history of intake of any other medications.

He underwent upper GI endoscopy once earlier, but no records are available with him.

What is the probable diagnosis?

Discuss the clinical correlation with pathogenesis of the features.

How will you investigate and confirm the diagnosis?

Elderly male, previously healthy, fever fatigue for 15 days, bilateral crepts and rhonchi in lungs. So, diagnosis is most probably Lobar pneumonia

A 75 year old man, living on his own, brought by the neighbour to the Emergency Department of the hospital with fever, fatigue, malaise and a productive cough since 15 days. He also gives history of chills and rigors. On examination, he has crepts and rhonchi in both the lungs

What is the probable diagnosis

Discuss the clinical correlation with pathogenesis of the features

How will you investigate and confirm the diagnosis

Adult patient, history of smoking and alcohol, loss of appetite and weight, blood in sputum, Clubbing, left side chest loss of breath sounds- Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A 54 year old male complains of persistent productive cough for 2 years. Lately, for the last 2 months, there is intermittent blood in the sputum. There is history of progressive loss of weight and appetite for 1 month and occasional chest pain. He has been a chronic smoker, smoking about 20 cigarettes/ day for the last 30 years and is an occasional alcoholic.

On examination, pallor ++, icterus -ve, clubbing of fingers – grade II. On inspection of chest, left half of chest is not moving equally with respiration. On auscultation, breath sounds absent on left side

What is the probable diagnosis

Discuss the clinical correlation with pathogenesis of the features

How will you investigate and confirm the diagnosis

Mnemonic is PAP SMEAR

Pa= Papillary carcinoma thyroid

P= Pituitary adenoma

S= Serous cystadenoma ovary

Me= Meningioma

A=Appendiceal carcinoid

R= Renal cell carcinoma

A. Acute Pericarditis

1. Serous pericarditis

2. Fibrinous or Serofibrinous pericarditis

3. Purulent or Fibrinopurulent pericarditis

4. Haemorrhagic pericarditis

B. Chronic Pericarditis

1. Tuberculous pericarditis

2. Chronic adhesive pericarditis

3. Chronic constrictive pericarditis

4. Pericardial plaques (milk spots, soldier’s spots)

ABCD PSM RHS

A=Aplastic anemia

B=Bone marrow infiltration disorders

C=Cytotoxic agents

D=Drugs

P=PNH

S=SLE

M=Megaloblastic anemia

R=Radiation

H=Hypersplenism

S=Subleukemic acute leukemia

SAIL and BERU

S=Schistocyte also known as

A=Acanthocyte

I=Irregular spikes on rbc surface

L =Liver disease

B=Burr cell also known as

E=Echinocyte

R=Regular spikes on rbc surface

U=Uremia

CANCER

C= Carditis

A= Arthritis

N=Nodules (Subcutaneous)

C=Chorea( Sydenham)

E= Erythema Marginatum

R= Rheumatic fever